You may hear more talk these days about “essential fatty acids” (EFAs) and our birds need them in the diet. (That word “essential” is the gift, right? “) So what are they and how do we deliver them?
We all hear a lot about “good” fats and “bad” fats; basically, the bad things come from animal sources, they are saturated and are harmful to your arteries and cholesterol levels, while the good things come from plant sources, they are not actually saturated GOOD for cardiovascular health and lowers cholesterol. Well, essential fatty acids are the best of the good!
So, let’s get technical for a minute: fats (known chemically as lipids) are the most concentrated source of energy found in the diet. I will not go into the classification of fats here, but will only cover the essential fatty acids that are related to our parrots at the moment.
Basically, fatty acids differ in saturation and chain length. The “essential” fatty acids are those not synthesized by the body, so they must be provided, therefore, by the diet. There are three: linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic (already on board?).
Because these must be fed, they are “Essential”: for growth, healthy nerves, arteries, blood, visual function and the flexibility of healthy skin and feathers. The “queen” of these are the omega 3 (linolenic) fatty acids abundant in flaxseed oil and fish. Omega 6 (linoleic) acids are important for the transport and processing of cholesterol and are found in corn, safflower, and soybeans. Both Omega 3 and 6 should be supplied, of which the best combined source is canola oil. Flax seed oil blends with other oils help maintain omegas balance for good health. Arachidonic acid is synthesized by linoleic acid when administered in the diet.
African Grays have been found to have a higher need for essential fatty acids than other species and I always recommend supplementing their diet with flax seed oil 3-4 times per week. Molting and plucking of feathers also increase the need, as does the rearing and rearing of babies. Macaws also have a higher need for fat and I recommend 3-4 mixed nuts a day, which are high in unsaturated fat and actually reduce saturated fat in the body. Vitamin E is necessary for essential fatty acids to be absorbed, and walnuts provide the proper balance. Additional sources of AGE are many seeds and legumes (including peanuts).
It’s worth noting that oils can go rancid very quickly when exposed to air, heat, and light. All oils must be refrigerated after opening. Freezing or refrigerating before opening will also help extend the shelf life.
Always check nuts and seeds to see if they are fresh, and check peanuts for aflatoxins (throw out any that look moldy or suspicious).
Watch the fat intake of amazons, parakeets, cockatoos, or any overweight bird, but be sure to include some essential fatty acids regularly for ALL birds; only use moderation if necessary. Better plumage, immunity, and overall health and vitality will be the reward for including these vital nutrients in the daily diet.